稻谷的结构与营养特点
发布日期:2011-05-17 18:14:53

1、稻谷的结构

  稻谷籽粒可分为颖(稻壳)和颖果(糙米)两大部分。

  稻谷的颖,包括内颖、外颖、护颖和颖源码(伸长即为芒)四部分。

  稻谷脱去内颖后的果实便是颖果(即糙米)。颖果由皮层、胚乳和胚三部分组成。


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  稻谷和糙米籽粒各组成部分的重量比例变动很大,因为稻谷的类型、品种、土壤、气候及栽培技术等的不同而变化。一般的情况是:

  稻壳:占稻谷的18%~20%,做为胚乳的保护组织,合有大量的粗纤维和结合矿物质(硅),质地坚硬。

  果皮和种皮:占稻谷的1。2%~1。5%,含有较多的纤维素、脂肪、蛋白质和矿物质。

  糊粉层:占稻谷的4%~6%,糊粉层合有丰富的脂肪蛋白质和维生素等,营养价值比果皮、种皮和珠心层高,但细胞壁较厚,不易消化。

  胚乳:占稻谷的66%~70%,由含淀粉的细胞组织组成,细胞内充满淀粉粒,淀粉粒之间填充蛋白质。胚乳含蛋白质和脂肪较少,但确是稻谷籽粒中最有价值的部分。

  胚:占稻谷的2%~3.5%,合有较多的脂肪、蛋白质和VBl等,营养价值高。

  糙米被碾去部分米糠层,并保留至少80%的米胚的大米,成为留胚米;碾去绝大部分米糠层、米胚和糊粉层就成为日常所见到的大米。

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